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المرحلة 2
أستاذ المادة محترم عبد الواحد مطشر العويدي
6/4/2011 9:10:19 PM
College of Basic Education
Dept. of English
Lecturer/ Muhtaram Abdul-Wahid
Second Year/ Grammar First Lecture: Passive Voice
Passive Voice
Before studying the applications of passive voice, one should know some general information about this subject. First, passive voice is applied to sentences which include Transitive Verbs (having object(s)), i.e., sentences which include intransitive verbs have no passive form. Second, Passive voice is used in certain cases:
1.When the doer of the action is unknown, e.g.,
-My money was stolen.
Here in this sentence, the subject or the doer of the action is unknown, what is known is only that the money was stolen but by whom, no one knows.
2.When the doer of the action is unimportant, e.g.,
-This beautiful handbag is made of leather.
Applications of the Passive Voice
Present Simple Tense
A sentence in the present simple tense is transformed into passive according to the rule:
is
O + am + P.P
are
-My father plays tennis well. (Active)
-Tennis is played well.
The doer of the action can be referred to by using a prepositional phrase initiated by by for agentive doer (a human being or an animal) or with for instrumental doer
-Tennis is played well by my father.
-I open the door with the key. (Active)
-The door is opened with the key. (Passive)
If the sentence has more than one object, i.e., direct and indirect, two forms of the passive can be used, e.g.,
- I send John a letter every month. (Active)
- John is sent a letter every month (by me). (Passive)
- A letter is sent to John every month (by me). (Passive)
Past simple Tense
To transform a sentence in the past simple tense into passive, this rule is followed:
O + was + P.P
were
- He made a horrible accident last week. (Active)
- A horrible accident was made last week. (Passive)
- They received new threatening massages two hours ago. (Active)
- New threatening massages were received two hours ago. (Passive)
Present Continuous Tense
A sentence in this tense is transformed into passive by applying following the rule:
is
O + am + being + P.P
are
- She is cleaning her room now. (Active)
- Her room is being cleaned now. (Passive)
- The doctor is checking his patients now. (Active)
- The doctor’s patients are being checked now (by him).
Past Continuous Tense
A sentence in this tense is transformed into passive by applying following the rule:
O + was + being + P.P
were
- I was mowing the garden yesterday morning. (Active)
- The garden was being mown yesterday morning. (Passive)
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .
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