Linguistics as a Science

Linguistics as a Scientific Study of Language

General linguistics means the scientific study of language. A person who studies language or engaged in the field of linguistics is called a linguist. As with other branches of knowledge; linguistics must be studied in two ways:1 . In relation to other sciences outside itself, and2. In the different branches within itself.

Linguistics as a ScienceThe aim of following a scientific procedure in studying language is to present an analysis in such a way that every part of it can be tested and verified not only by the linguist himself, but by any one else who choosesto refer to it or to make a description of his own based on the same principles. What is required in this respect is empirical evidence and sound justifications to support one s findings or theories.

The purpose of linguistics is to examine the material and make general statements about its various elements that relate to regular rules. It is also an empirical and practical science since the material it deals with can be observed with the senses. For example, speech can be heard, the movement of the speech organs can be seen and felt or with the aid of instruments; and writing can be seen and read.

The scientific procedure followed in studyingany science including linguisticsAny scientific study should be based on:a. Systematic investigation of data conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure.b. Direct objective observations. Observation of events before the setting up of a hypothesis which is then carefully investigated via systematic description or experimentation and a theory developed. This is a standard procedure in linguistics as in other sciences.c. A scientific study is also concerned with the formulation of sound theoretical principles and clear and consistent terminology.

d. In order to be acceptable, a theory must be:1. Exhaustive, i.e., one which accounts for all the facts (adequate treatment of all the relevant material which should be complete).2. Economical, i.e., one which is as simple and straight forward as possible. In other words, a shorter statement or analysis employing fewer terms is to be preferred to one which is longer or more involved.3. Consistent, i.e., one in which there are no internal contradictions. The material should show agreement between its different parts.