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A Brief History of Sumer

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الكلية كلية التربية الاساسية القسم قسم اللغة الانكليزية المرحلة 4
أستاذ المادة باقر جاسم محمد حمادي 4/12/2011 6:27:55 AM

University of Babylon

College of Arts

The Department of Archaeology

Third Year/ Ancient

The Course: (Readings in Archaeology)

Lecture No. 1

A. The Text:

A Brief History of the City States in Sumer

“The Sumerian city states arose to power during the prehistorical Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumreian history can be traced back to ca. the 26^{th centry B.C. Yet, the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, ca. the 23rd century B.C., when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed. This system has enabled archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. Classical Sumer ended with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century B.C. Following the Gutian period, there had been a short “Sumerian renaissance” in the 21st century. This renaissance had been cut short in the 20th century B.C. by the Amorite invasions. The Amorite “dynasty of Isin” has persisted until ca. 1700 B.C. when Mesopotamia had been united under the Babylonian rule. The following is the approximate successive periods of the history of this era:}

1. Ubaid Period: 5300-4100 B.C. (Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic)

2. Uruk Period: 4100-2900 B.C. (Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age 1)

· Uruk XIV-V: 4100-3300 B.C.

· Uruk IV period: 3300-3000B.C.

3. Jemdet Nasr period (Uruk III): 3000-2900 B.C.

4. Early Dynastic period (Early Bronze Age II-IV)

· Early Dynastic I period: 2900-2800 B.C.

· Early Dynastic II period: 2800-2600 B.C.

· Early Dynastic III period: 2600-2500 B.C.

· Early Dynastic IIIb period: ca. 2500-2334 B.C.

5. Akkadian Empire period: ca. 2334-2218 B.C. (Sargon)

6. Gutian Period: ca. 2218-2047 (Early Bronze Age IV)

7. Ur III period: ca. 2047-1940 B.C.

The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu, ca. 5300 B.C. by farmers who brought with them the Samarran culture from northern Mesopotamia. It is not known whether these were the actual Sumerians who could be identified with later Uruk culture or not. Eridu remained an important religious centre when it was gradually surpassed in size by the nearby city of Uruk.”

B. Now, answer the following questions as fully as you can:

1. When did the Sumerian city states arise to power?

2. To what extent can we trace the approximate history of Sumerians?

3. When did calssical Sumer end?

4. When did the short “Sumerian renaissance” occur?

5. What is the Ubaid period marked by?

6. Where was the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia established? When?

7. Did Eridu maintain its religious position or not?

C. Glossary:

a. prehistorical: the period before written history, preceding written historical records

b. ca. (circa) : around, approximately (used especially with dates

c. obscure: not clear

d. dynastic: of or pertaining to a dynasty, of or pertaining to a succession of rulers from the same family

e. deciphered: interpreted

f. syllabary: syllabic script

g. contemporary: concurrent, synchronous

h. renaissance: rebirth, revival, renewal of life or civilization

i. persisted: continued, lasted

j. distinctive: unique, different

k. surpassed: exceeded

Good Luck

The Lecturer: Mr. Baqir Jasim Mohammed

المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .

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